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Wednesday, April 3, 2013

Google may launch an Android-based laptop this year

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The Pentagon said on Tuesday that a second U.S. guided-missile destroyer had taken position in the western Pacific on a missile defense mission, as tensions rise over North Korea's threats of war against the United States and its ally, South Korea. The announcement is the latest confirmation of minor adjustments to the posture of the U.S. military, which is seeking to reassure allies in Seoul and Tokyo of American military capabilities to respond to any moves by Pyongyang. U.S. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/google-may-launch-android-based-laptop-160537905.html

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International Law Reporter: New Issue: Criminal Law Forum

The latest issue of Criminal Law Forum (Vol. 24, no. 1, March 2013) is out. Contents include:

Mohamed Elewa Badar & Iryna Marchuk, A Comparative Study of the Principles Governing Criminal Responsibility in the Major Legal Systems of the World (England, United States, Germany, France, Denmark, Russia, China, and Islamic legal tradition)
Emily Haslam & Rod Edmunds, Managing a New ?Partnership?
Manuel Ladiges, Criminal Liability of Directors of a Private Limited Company Seated in Germany
Marko Divac ?berg, Processing Evidence and Drafting Judgments in International Criminal Trial Chambers

Source: http://ilreports.blogspot.com/2013/04/new-issue-criminal-law-forum.html

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Tuesday, April 2, 2013

Novartis loses landmark India cancer drug patent case

By Kaustubh Kulkarni and Suchitra Mohanty

MUMBAI/NEW DELHI (Reuters) - India's top court dismissed Swiss drugmaker Novartis AG's attempt to win patent protection for its cancer drug Glivec, a blow to Western pharmaceutical firms targeting India to drive sales and a victory for local makers of cheap generics.

The decision sets a benchmark for intellectual property cases in India, where many patented drugs are unaffordable for most of its 1.2 billion people, and does not bode well for foreign firms engaged in ongoing disputes in India, including Pfizer Inc and Roche Holding AG, analysts said.

It cements the role of local companies as big suppliers of inexpensive generics to India's rapidly growing $13 billion-a-year drugs market and also across the developing world.

Among the chief beneficiaries of Monday's Supreme Court ruling will be India's Cipla Ltd and Natco Pharma Ltd, which already sell generic Glivec in India at around one-tenth of the price of the branded drug.

"The multinational companies will have to find new ways of doing business in India," said Deepak Malik, healthcare analyst at brokerage Emkay Global, suggesting they may consider licensing agreements with local firms to offer cheap versions of branded drugs like Glivec.

Ranjit Shahani, managing director of Novartis India Ltd, the firm's locally listed unit, said it will be cautious about investing in India, especially over introducing new drugs, and seek patent protection before launching any new products. It will continue to refrain from research and development activities there.

"The intellectual property ecosystem in India is not very encouraging," Shahani told reporters in Mumbai after the ruling.

Healthcare activists have called on the government to make medicines cheaper in a country where many patented drugs are too costly for most people, 40 percent of whom earn less than $1.25 a day, and where patented drugs account for under 10 percent of total drug sales.

"This appears to be the best outcome for patients in developing countries as fewer patents will be granted on existing medicines," said Leena Menghaney, Medecins Sans Frontieres' Access Campaign manager for India.

Over 16,000 patients in India use Glivec and the vast majority of those get it free of charge, Novartis says. By contrast, generic Glivec is used by more than 300,000 patients, according to industry reports.

The Supreme Court's decision comes after a legal battle that began when Novartis was denied a patent for Glivec in 2006.

EXTRA WORK

Novartis had argued it was entitled to a patent for the amended version of Glivec because the original patented compound was never suitable for making into a pill. Developing the final chemically stable form took years of extra work and it was this effort that marked the real breakthrough in developing Glivec as a life-saving cancer medicine, the Swiss company said.

Glivec is used to treat certain forms of leukemia and gastrointestinal cancer, as well as some other rare tumors.

Shares in Novartis' Indian unit ended 1.8 percent lower after falling as much as 6.8 percent after the verdict. Natco Pharma stock ended 5.4 percent higher after earlier gaining nearly 11 percent and Cipla gained 1.3 percent, beating the benchmark index which ticked up 0.15 percent.

India's domestic drugs market is the 14th-largest globally, but with annual growth of 13-14 percent and the world's second-biggest population, international pharmaceutical firms say India has massive potential at a time when traditional developed markets have slowed down.

The ruling may dampen enthusiasm from foreign pharmaceutical firms in the short term, said S. Majumdar, head of law firm S. Majumdar & Co based in the eastern city of Kolkata.

"They will have to get used to it and learn to live with the law," he said.

NOT SO EVERGREEN

Pfizer's cancer drug Sutent and Roche's hepatitis C treatment Pegasys lost their patented status in India last year, decisions the companies are fighting to have reversed. The Supreme Court's latest ruling will make it tougher for them to win back patent protection.

"Henceforth, multinational pharma companies are likely to want that their patents are first recognized in India before launch of a patented product," said Ameet Hariani, managing partner at Mumbai-based law firm Hariani & Co.

India has refused protection for Glivec on the grounds that it is not a new medicine, but an amended version of a known compound. By contrast, the newer form of Glivec has been patented in nearly 40 countries including the United States, Russia and China.

Indian law bans firms from extending patents on their products by making slight changes to a compound, a practice known as "evergreening". The Supreme Court said Glivec does not satisfy a patent's "novelty" requirement, Pravin Anand, lawyer for Novartis, told reporters.

Novartis can file a review petition within 90 days.

Indian Trade Minister Anand Sharma called the ruling "a historic judgment" that reaffirmed legal provisions mandating the need for substantial innovation before new patents are issued on medicines.

(Additional reporting by Ben Hirschler in LONDON; Editing by Daniel Magnowski and Matthew Tostevin)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/indias-top-court-dismisses-novartis-petition-glivec-patent-052240790--finance.html

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Worries over teen sex may be overblown, report says

Despite periodic media scares, young teens are remarkably unlikely to be sexually active, new research finds. And even older teens are delaying sex more frequently than in the past.

The study, published online today (April 1) in the journal Pediatrics, found that a mere 2.4 percent of 12-year-olds had ever had sex. At 16, a third of teens reported sexual activity, a number that climbed to 71 percent by age 18 and 19.

Low rates of sexual activity among young adolescents have been the norm for decades, study researchers said. Recently, however, older teens seem more inclined to take it slow, too.

"Policymakers and the media often sensationalize teen sexual behavior, suggesting that adolescents as young as 10 or 11 are increasingly sexually active," study researcher Lawrence Finer of the nonprofit Guttmacher Institute said in a statement. "But the data just don't support that concern. Rather, we are seeing teens waiting longer to have sex, using contraceptives more frequently when they start having sex, and being less likely to become pregnant than their peers of past decades." [Teen Pregnancy Rates by State]

The findings match earlier studies that put the current teen pregnancy rate at a 40-year low. A report released in 2012 found that teen pregnancies peaked in 1990 and declined 42 percent over the next 18 years. As of 2008, the most recent year data were available, 68 per every 1,000 teens experienced a pregnancy.

Finer and his co-author Jesse Philbin, also of Guttmacher, used nationally representative data from the National Survey of Family Growth to track teens' sexual histories over time. The data come from the years 2006 to 2010.

They found that in any give age group, the likelihood of a teen being sexually active is lower than any time in the past 25 years. What's more, more than 80 percent of 16-year-olds having sex for the first time used contraceptives, the researchers found. A year later, 95 percent of those teens had taken up contraceptive use. Those rates were similar to the numbers seen in teens initiating sex after age 16.

Younger teens had a more troubling pattern, with adolescents who began having sex before age 14 using contraceptives less frequently and taking longer to adopt them into their sexual repertoire.

Another alarming discovery was that of the few young adolescents who reported having sex, many or most did not do so voluntarily. The researchers found that 0.6 percent of 10-year-olds reported having sex; 62 percent of females who said they'd had sex by that age reported that it was coerced.

Similarly, 1.1 percent of 11-year-olds reported having sex, and 50 percent of the females in that group said their first time was coerced.

Follow Stephanie Pappas on Twitter?and Google+. Follow us @livescience, Facebook?& Google+. Original article on LiveScience.com.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/teen-sex-fears-overblown-175530287.html

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Reservations

Welcome to the roleplay "Fruits Basket: Unwavering Bonds"! This is a roleplay that takes teamwork and cooperation! So please, lets work together and lend each other our strength!

This is the thread where reservations are to be made! To prevent confusion, please make sure the role you are requesting hasn't been yet claimed by someone else. If it has, you can ask to be put on second reserve, so if the person with the role you want disappears or bails, you can take their place. If you haven't created your character within 48 hours, your reservation will be terminated. If you need time, please say so or message me.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/RolePlayGateway/~3/tIR8PTmNIFI/viewtopic.php

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Monday, April 1, 2013

The best and worst things to buy in April

Get a start on your Mother's Day gifts, but wait on vacuum cleaners and mattresses. Your complete guide to April shopping.?

By Lindsay Sakraida and Louis Ramirez,?Contributors / March 31, 2013

An Apple iPad, left, and a Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 in Duesseldorf, Germany. Apple is supposedl updating the iPad in April, which would mean significant price cuts on the older version from resellers like MacMall and Best Buy.

Sascha Schuermann/dapd/AP/File

Enlarge

April is here, and if you're stuck indoors waiting out showers that will bring May flowers, consider it a blessing: You'll have an excuse to devote more time to shopping around for the best deals online!

Skip to next paragraph Dealnews.com

is devoted to finding the best deals on consumer goods, whether or not they're from an advertiser. For more great offers visit dealnews.com, which works with advertisers to craft offers for readers.

Kindle Fire HD at All-Time Low Price Points

Many industry analysts assume that Amazon's Kindle Fire HD tablets are priced near the manufacturing cost, which would mean that Amazon doesn't make much money, if any, from the sales. Likely as a result, we typically haven't seen large or frequent discounts on these tablets. However, last month Amazon announced that it would cut prices on its entire fleet of 8.9" Fire HD Special Offers tablets. Prices now start at $269 for the base 16GB Wifi version, and although we've seen that particular model for less before, in general, each model is now at or near the lowest price we've seen ? making it a good time to give the Fire HD a try.

Skip the Canon T5i and Opt for a T4i Deal

Canon recently announced the newest model in its EOS Rebel line, the T5i, but it appears to offer minimal updates to the previous-generation T4i. The major difference between the two comes down to price: Since the T4i is no longer the latest model, it will see discounts that make it at least $340 less than the T5i. In fact, last month we saw the body and kit lens bundle fall to its best-ever price of $560, and we expect to see that price (or a better one) again in the coming weeks.

Mid-Season Clothing Sales Coming to a Retailer Near You

The general rule to dressing yourself in deals is to wait about two months after a new season of apparel hits stores before cashing in on sizable discounts. Many retailers began debuting their spring merchandise in February, placing April at about the 2-month mark. Look closely at the discounts though: a spring clothing sale that takes 30% to 40% off is likely a mid-season promotion; for discounts of 50% off or more, wait until May.

I Spy iPad Deals

Supposedly Apple will be updating the iPad this month, which means that the fourth generation iDevice that was released in October 2012 will start to see significant price cuts from resellers like MacMall, Fry's Electronics, and Best Buy. Moreover, Apple-refurbished iPad 4s will also drop in price, at which point you'd do well to keep an eye on both the Apple Store and its mysterious eBay site; we've noticed that the eBay store will occasionally offer prices lower than what Apple charges directly, while still being reconditioned by the manufacturer with a full 1-year warranty. However, as far as getting a deal on the brand new model, our data suggests that we won't see a deal on the latest iPad until at least one month after it's released, at which point you could save as much as $59.

Jump Start Your Mother's Day Shopping

If you're thinking about buying some baubles for Mother's Day, then start looking now. We still find and list deals, coupons, and sales for jewelry in May, but often times we see slightly higher final prices on styles right before the holiday. This is especially true of online jewelry retailers.

Get Your Fill of Tax Day Freebies

There are few people in this world who don't appreciate getting something for free, and luckily, one of the most popular days for restaurants to offer something gratis takes place in April: Tax Day. Fast food and nationwide chains in particular will offer some sort of freebie on April 16, and if the offers are anything like last year, then you should be on the lookout for opportunities to get a free cup of coffee, free breakfast foods, or free side orders or desserts with the purchase of an entr?e. We also found Office Depot's promotion last year, in which the store amusingly offered to shred 5 lbs. of documents for free, an enticing option.

Wait Until Black Friday to Upgrade Your Vacuum

Many sources suggest buying a new vacuum cleaner in the spring, and as ideal and motivating as that may sound, according to our archives, there are almost twice as many deals on these handy home appliances in October and November. Moreover, the quality of the deals will be better in the fall as well, as we typically see a higher number of Editors' Choice?discounts in particular. So make do with your cleaner for now and upgrade in a few months time instead.

Put Off a Mattress Purchase Until Memorial Day

May is generally a good time to find a deal on a new mattress, and indeed for the past two years the sales we saw on mattresses received deeper discounts in May over April. Therefore, it's important to keep in mind that any discounts you see this month could very likely get even steeper if you wait until May, specifically around Memorial Day weekend when department stores roll out holiday-related promotions. Not quite ready for a new mattress? Last year we saw excellent discounts on mattresses around Black Friday and Cyber Monday as well, so you'll have another opportunity to cash in on strong deals later in the year.

Deals on Big-Screen HDTVs Near or Below Black Friday Prices

If you're looking to upgrade to a big-screen HDTV, there's never been a better time. 60", 55", and 55" 3D TVs are at or very near all-time lows.

55" 3D LCD HDTVs, for instance, hit all-time lows last month, with prices starting at $747 ? that's $3 under February's best price. Likewise, 55" (non-3D) name-brand LCD HDTVs hit their second-lowest price of the past 12 months and deals started at $688. That's a $51 difference from our all-time low during Black Friday! Lastly, 60" LCD HDTVs bottomed out at $698 in March, which is just $10 shy of the size category's best price set back in Black Friday.

Core i5 Ivy Bridge Laptop Prices Hit Rock Bottom

Sales of new Windows 8 laptops are bad. So bad that Microsoft is offering OEMs discounts of up to 20% on licenses for Windows 8 (and Office). While those discounts are generally for ultraportables, our deal archives show they're also affecting prices of mainstream 15" Ivy Bridge laptops. For instance, just last month we saw a 15.6" Acer Aspire with 6GB of RAM and a 750GB hard drive go for an unprecedented $299. That's the lowest price we've seen for any Ivy Bridge system. It's also $41 under our February mention, which at the time was also an all-time low. While we doubt we'll see such significant price drops in April, we predict this $299 price will become the new norm as it makes its way to touchscreen Windows 8 laptops.

Lindsay Sakraida and Louis Ramirez are contributors to Dealnews.com, where this article first appeared.?

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/lGtiuzj998Y/The-best-and-worst-things-to-buy-in-April

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Study shows Shakespeare as ruthless businessman

LONDON (AP) ? Hoarder, moneylender, tax dodger ? it's not how we usually think of William Shakespeare.

But we should, according to a group of academics who say the Bard was a ruthless businessman who grew wealthy dealing in grain during a time of famine.

Researchers from Aberystwyth University in Wales argue that we can't fully understand Shakespeare unless we study his often-overlooked business savvy.

"Shakespeare the grain-hoarder has been redacted from history so that Shakespeare the creative genius could be born," the researchers say in a paper due to be delivered at the Hay literary festival in Wales in May.

Jayne Archer, a lecturer in medieval and Renaissance literature at Aberystwyth, said that oversight is the product of "a willful ignorance on behalf of critics and scholars who I think ? perhaps through snobbery ? cannot countenance the idea of a creative genius also being motivated by self-interest."

Archer and her colleagues Howard Thomas and Richard Marggraf Turley combed through historical archives to uncover details of the playwright's parallel life as a grain merchant and property owner in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon whose practices sometimes brought him into conflict with the law.

"Over a 15-year period he purchased and stored grain, malt and barley for resale at inflated prices to his neighbors and local tradesmen," they wrote, adding that Shakespeare "pursued those who could not (or would not) pay him in full for these staples and used the profits to further his own money-lending activities."

He was pursued by the authorities for tax evasion, and in 1598 was prosecuted for hoarding grain during a time of shortage.

The charge sheet against Shakespeare was not entirely unknown, though it may come as shock to some literature lovers. But the authors argue that modern readers and scholars are out of touch with the harsh realities the writer and his contemporaries faced.

He lived and wrote in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, during a period known as the "Little Ice Age," when unusual cold and heavy rain caused poor harvests and food shortages.

"I think now we have a rather rarefied idea of writers and artists as people who are disconnected from the everyday concerns of their contemporaries," Archer said. "But for most writers for most of history, hunger has been a major concern ? and it has been as creatively energizing as any other force."

She argues that knowledge of the era's food insecurity can cast new light on Shakespeare's plays, including "Coriolanus," which is set in an ancient Rome wracked by famine. The food protests in the play can be seen to echo the real-life 1607 uprising of peasants in the English Midlands, where Shakespeare lived.

Shakespeare scholar Jonathan Bate told the Sunday Times newspaper that Archer and her colleagues had done valuable work, saying their research had "given new force to an old argument about the contemporaneity of the protests over grain-hoarding in 'Coriolanus.'"

Archer said famine also informs "King Lear," in which an aging monarch's unjust distribution of his land among his three daughters sparks war.

"In the play there is a very subtle depiction of how dividing up land also involves impacts on the distribution of food," Archer said.

Archer said the idea of Shakespeare as a hardheaded businessman may not fit with romantic notions of the sensitive artist, but we shouldn't judge him too harshly. Hoarding grain was his way of ensuring that his family and neighbors would not go hungry if a harvest failed.

"Remembering Shakespeare as a man of hunger makes him much more human, much more understandable, much more complex," she said.

"He would not have thought of himself first and foremost as a writer. Possibly as an actor ? but first and foremost as a good father, a good husband and a good citizen to the people of Stratford."

She said the playwright's funeral monument in Stratford's Holy Trinity Church reflected this. The original monument erected after his death in 1616 showed Shakespeare holding a sack of grain. In the 18th century, it was replaced with a more "writerly" memorial depicting Shakespeare with a tasseled cushion and a quill pen.

_____

Jill Lawless can be reached at http://Twitter.com/JillLawless

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/study-shows-shakespeare-ruthless-businessman-150909584.html

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